This article focuses on research conducted by Dr. Manda Holmshaw PhD, consultant clinical psychologist and Clinical Director of Moving Minds, and Wilson Carswell OBE FRCS, Medical Director of Moving Minds. The article delves into the need for psychological rehabilitation in combination with physiological rehabilitation for individuals involved in a road traffic accident.
For those who have been injured in a Road Traffic Accident, rehabilitation is now acknowledged as playing an important role in helping the victim to recover more speedily from their injuries and get back to their normal work and social activities. However it is not always acknowledged that psychological rehab can be as important as physiological, especially in cases where prolonged problems or illness is brought on by trauma.
Under the belief that they are going to die or suffer serious injuries, persons involved in road traffic accidents RTA normally experience extreme cases of panic in that moment. The individual is able to deal with the trauma shortly after, because of the brain’s defence mechanisms which operate in removing these types of memories from the forefront of the mind. However, in some instances, this process is interrupted and the victim may begin to suffer long term psychological problems arising from their accident. These conditions include Travel Anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) which may prevent the individual from carrying on with a happy and active life.
An experiment in Oxford was conducted by Professor Mayou with 1000 RTA victims as they arrived into Accident and Emergency. The patients underwent various standard psychological tests to detect if they were experiencing any psychological problems after the accident. The tests were followed up in the next three years. The majority of the test subjects were deemed not badly injured enough to require admittance into a hospital, although one in three was showed to be suffering from a psychological disorder. Over the test period, this number gradually reduced to one in four victims showing effects of psychological disorder three years following the accident.
This poses a major problem when you take into account the fact that the majority of the group involved in the study had not yet been admitted to hospital, yet 25% of them showed signs of suffering conditions such as depression and PTSD years after the RTA occurred.
Evaluation and Diagnosis
Psychologists have over the years researched into various types of psychological illnesses. Tests have thereafter been developed to look into the symptoms in determining which problem the patient may be suffering from. Some of the widely validated tools used by psychologists in supporting their diagnosis include the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Psychological Assessment
Psychological assessment is vital in the management of RTA victims who have experienced this type of trauma and possibly suffered injuries. This psychological assessment should be conducted in the patient’s home by the Clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist or in their consulting premises.
A psychological assessment usually costs between 300 and 500 and lasts for around an hour and a half. During this time a test will determine the health of the person prior to their accident and the details of the accident will be noted. The Psychologist will then use the tools mentioned to diagnose any conditions present and then prescribe the correct course of treatment. Many Psychologists reports use the Rehabilitation First Code of Practice which means the form of reporting is independent and can be used in a claim for compensation if necessary.
Treatment
Medication is sometimes used and is especially helpful to those with depression; however RTA victims who often have PTSD or Travel Anxiety will find no benefit from medication as drugs do not assist the brain to integrate their difficult experience.
Medication plays a role and is especially helpful to those suffering from depression. However RTA victims, often PTSD or Travel Anxiety sufferers won’t find that drugs are helpful to the brain to integrate their bad experience.
Counselling is used in many circumstances including treating people with PTSD but is not recommended for people whose symptoms derive from one traumatic event. Counselling has shown that symptoms are unalleviated even after a long period of counselling.
Recommended treatments for these conditions include CBT, which is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy developed by psychologists over many years of study, exposure therapy, and EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing). The principle of CBT is that a person’s thoughts affect their psychological well being, and by challenging unhelpful thoughts and testing new ways of behaving they can affect their mood and wellbeing. EMDR, used extensively in the eighties, works to allow the reprocessing of the feelings and emotions experienced in the accident or traumatic event. This is achieved by getting the patient to recall memories from the experience itself whilst the therapist stimulates their brain with eye movements or sound. EMDR seems as effective as CBT when treating PTSD cases but often takes less sessions to produce the same effect. Exposure therapy is used less frequently with more current emphasis on CBT, but involves a person with PTSD confronting the traumatic situation. This has also produced good results but is extremely emotional for the individual.
How to get Help
If you have been in a road traffic accident and are concerned that you may be suffering psychological problems due to the accident, you should consult your GP who will be able to make the suitable referrals for you to receive any treatment you may need.
You could also be entitled to make a personal injury claim for compensation. You should look for an experienced legal practice to handle your case such as Duncan Gibbins Solicitors based in Manchester who specialise in RTA cases and offer a no win, no fee service.
For specialist advice in regards to compensation claims for RTA victims, just visit www.duncangibbins.co.uk for everything you need to know about making a personal injury claim.